主谓一致是我们无论是中考还是高考经常考到的知识点,下面我们总结一下主谓一致的基本原则,希望能帮到你们。
主谓一致原则:
1) 语法形式上要一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致
2) 意义上要一致,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。
2、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ,as well as ,together with along with,like 等引导的介词短语时 ,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例如:
The women with two children is my aunt .
注意:主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。
Mr Smith , followed by his wife and three children , has just arrived.
3、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
4、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
The poet and writer has come.
5、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。
7、由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。
8、有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
注意:如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
9、 当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》
10、 news ,maths,physics ,politics等词貌似复数,实为单数,其谓语动词用单数.
11、“the +形容词”(如the poor ,the rich ,the young, the old , the dead ,the sick,the brave 等)作主语,谓语动词往往用复数